“Music’s ability to heal, to provide a brighter day, to promote physical and mental health, knows no boundaries of language or culture.” – Dr. Daniel Levitin
In 2018, I had the honor of running a music therapy group for individuals living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This lovely group was a mix of both men and women at various stages of PD.
Each week, equipped with my voice, guitar, and oftentimes a basket of small percussion instruments such as maracas, tambourines, and egg shakers, I would lead a variety of music-based activities. Our time mostly consisted of singing together, moving to music, and instrument play. We would start each session with vocal warms up and light physical exercises.
The group took place in the fall and culminated to a special Christmas gathering where friends and family were invited to join. We all sang carols together, and many played jingle bells in rhythm to the music. The benefits for participants of the group included social connection, emotional support, physical engagement, and creative expression; however, because each person’s experience in such a group is unique to them, I’m sure there were outcomes which expanded beyond the aforementioned.
In my research and experience working with Parkinson’s disease and music therapy, a variety of specific recommendations stand out. Below are three ideas for engaging in music for therapeutic purposes. Mind you, formal music therapy is when an individuals or group receives services from a professional music therapist (MT-BC are the credentials in the U.S.), but music can still be therapeutic aside from working with a music therapist.
- Harmonica
Playing harmonica can greatly aid certain symptoms of PD. For example, dysphagia is a swallowing disorder common with Parkinson’s. Playing harmonica has been compared to the effects of receiving speech therapy for this condition. It helps strengthen muscles in the back of the throat (https://www.michaeljfox.org/news/musician-spreads-brighter-outlook). It can help increase respiratory strength, lung capacity, and vocal volume. It may also improve breath control and strengthen the diaphragm. All this can contribute to improved quality of life through what can be a very enjoyable activity.
In regard to Parkinson’s, protocol for playing harmonica simply consists of beginning with deep breathing exercises, harmonica warm-ups, and then moving into harmonica repertoire. Having fun while doing it is also a plus. Harmonica is a lightweight, relatively inexpensive, easy-to-transport instrument that fits into a pocket. While formal lessons can be obtained, anyone can purchase a harmonica and start playing same day. Videos on YouTube abound for instructions on to get started. Simply search “how to play harmonica for beginners” on YouTube.
- Singing/Parkinson’s Choir
Singing offers significant benefits for people with Parkinson’s disease by strengthening vocal muscles, improving breath control, and enhancing speech clarity. Since Parkinson’s can weaken the voice and affect swallowing, regular singing exercises the respiratory system, increasing lung capacity and vocal endurance. Singing also promotes dopamine release, which can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and enhance overall well-being. Group singing fosters social connection, reducing feelings of isolation.
To start, choose familiar songs with a comfortable vocal range. Warm up with deep breathing and gentle vocal exercises like humming or lip trills. Focus on clear articulation and controlled breathing. Singing in a group, such as a choir or Parkinson’s-specific group, provides structured practice and encouragement. Even 10–15 minutes of daily singing can improve vocal strength and confidence. Consistency is key—engaging in regular sessions helps maintain benefits and can make speaking easier in daily life.
If you’re looking for a more formal setting for singing, Parkinson’s choirs are a wonderful option. There are many around the country, often facilitated by music therapists or organizations that specialize in serving people living with PD. Simply search “Parkinson’s choir near me” in your favorite search engine. One result that came up is Parkinson Voice Project, which has a beautiful mission of helping people with PD and related neurological disorders regain and retain their speech and swallowing.
- Dance/Movement
Dance and movement activities offer numerous benefits for people with Parkinson’s disease by improving balance, coordination, flexibility, and gait. Since Parkinson’s affects motor control, rhythmic movement helps retrain the brain to improve fluidity and reduce stiffness. Dance also enhances posture, strengthens muscles, and can even lessen the risk of falls. Additionally, it promotes dopamine release, boosting mood, reducing anxiety, and fostering a sense of well-being. Social engagement in dance classes helps combat isolation, providing emotional and cognitive benefits.
To begin, choose a structured class, such as dance for Parkinson’s programs, or follow guided videos at home. Gentle styles like ballroom, tango, or tai chi emphasize controlled movement, balance, and rhythm. Start with slow, deliberate motions, focusing on posture and breath control. Use music to cue steps and improve coordination. Consistency is key—regular sessions, even 15–30 minutes a few times a week, can lead to noticeable improvements in mobility and confidence.
Boxing is another movement activity that’s been heavily researched and proven to result in positive outcomes for those living with PD. The focus on balance/stability, stamina, and building strength seem to be a winning combo.
In the book I Heard There Was a Secret Chord: Music as Medicine, Dr. Daniel Levitin shares about Bobby McFerrin’s diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and his experience of using music to cope. I think it perfectly sums up what can often be a missing piece in the Parkinson’s puzzle.
“Having music in his life has helped him manage the psychological and physical challenges that the prescription medications don’t. ‘Music helps a lot. Pilates and physical therapy help a lot. The music helps with rhythmic breathing. Look, when I got here, I was depressed. Down in the dumps. I wasn’t singing. Then I started singing and got even more depressed because I didn’t like how my voice sounded. I found any kind of excuse not to do it. But as soon as I recognized that I might now have the chops I used to have, I realized I still have a creative mind that likes to play.’” (Levitin, 2024)
Music is powerful to effect change physically, emotionally, socially, spiritually, and more. If you or someone you know living with Parkinson’s hasn’t yet tried music as an intervention, I encourage you to explore this as a viable option. The creative arts are often an afterthought within healthcare, but only because they’re often underestimated. However, the research continues to prove time and time again that people are better off with the presence of music in their life. For more information on music therapy specifically, visit musictherapy.org
If you’d like to learn more about the work of music therapist Alexis Baker or her company, Bridgetown Music Therapy, and their programs and offerings, visit BridgetownMT.com